(1)Show how a person relies on machinery in his daily life? Give four examples.
Ans.-This modern age is an age of science and technology. These our life has become mechanical. There is little left today to enjoy the real pleasures of life. The following examples are enough to prove this.
(a) Using a safety razor for shave.
(b) Alarm clock makes us awake early in the morning.
(c) We wash our clothes with washing machine very quickly.
(d) T.V, telephone are essential for comfortable living
Wordmeaning: person (व्यक्ति), relies (निर्भर करता है), daily life (दैनिक जीवन), example (उदाहरण), modern age (आधुनिक युग), technology (प्रौद्योगिकी), little (बहुत कम), left (बचा), real (वास्तविक), pleasure (आनंद), enough (पर्याप्त), safety (सुरक्षा),shave (दाढ़ी बनाना), Awake (जगना), Early (पहले), quickly (जल्दी/शीघ्र), essential (आवश्यक), comfortable (आरामदायक)
(2) What does C.E.M Joad, say about modern civilization?
Ans:- C.E.M Joad says about modern civilization that modern civilization is a global civilization. The most remarkable is the widespread use of machines. Modern civilization is identified by order and safety which enables it to develop and prospers. One bad thing about modern civilization is the use of science in developing destructive weapons.
Wordmeaning_Civilization(सभ्यता),Globle(आधुनिक),which(जो),Remarkable(महत्वपूर्ण),Widespread(व्यापक),Identified(पहचाना जाता),Enable(सक्षम),Develop(विकसित),Prosper(समृद्धि),Destructive(विनाशकारी),Weapons(हथियारों)
(3) How, according to C.E.M Joad, is modern civilization different from old ones?
Ans:- This modern age is an age of science and technology. These our life has become mechanical. There is little left today to enjoy the real pleasures of life. The following examples are enough to prove this. (a) Using a safety razor for shave. (b) Alarm clock makes us awake early in the morning. (c) We wash our clothes with washing machine very days quickly. (d) T.V telephone and "ehicles are essential for comfortable living. in old civilization there were machines but use very few. But in modern civilization, machines come to widely used.
Word meaning:-Few(कम),Widely(व्यापक रूप से)
(4) Why are order and safety necessary for civilization?
Ans- Order and safety are necessary for civilization because without them, civilization would be impossible. Without them, scientists and artists can not create new things so it is necessary for civilization.
WordMeaning_Necessary(आवश्यक),Without them(इसके बिना) Impossible(असंभव),Scientist(वैज्ञानिक), Artst(कलाकार),Creat(बनाना)
5. How should man spend his time and energy?
Ans:- In fact, man should spend his time and energy in making good and beautiful things. He should find more and more about the universe. He should take the steps to removing the cause of quarrels and discovering ways to prevent poverty.
Word meaning :-. In fact(वास्तव में), spend(बिताना), energy(ऊर्जा), making(बनाना), things(वस्तु), find(पाना/जानना), more(अधिक), universe(ब्रह्मांड), step (कदम/उपाय), removing(को हटाना/दूर करना), cause(कारण), quarrel(झगड़ा), discovering(खोजना), prevent(रोकना), proverty(दरिद्रता).
6. Why is the author Leacock not pleased with photographer? Or. Why did photographer look pleased after taking the picture?
Ans:- The author was very angry with the photographer because of his activities. He acts quit mechanically. He asks the author to wait outside. After an hour the photographer asks the author to sit in particular pose. He clicks the camera many times but never be success to take the natural picture. When the author irritates him at the time he clicks the camera. Hence he took the natural picture.
Word meaning:- author(लेखक), pleased(खुशी), look (देखना), after(के बाद), angry(नाराज/गुस्सा), activities(गतिविधियों), acts(कार्य करता है), quite(बिल्कुल), machinically(यंत्र की तरह), outside(बाहर), asks(कहता है), particular pose (विशेष मुद्रा) ,never(कभी), success(सफल),natural(प्राकृतिक), irritates(गुस्सा), hence(इसलिए), took(लिया).
7.Why did the author ask "is it me?" when he saw his photograph?
Ans:- The photographer had already changed all the organs of the writer like eyes, ears, face, lips etc. The writer saw his photograph. It looked the picture of another gentleman, not of himself. So he asked "is it me?
Word meaning:- saw(दिखें), already(पहले ही), changed(बदल दिया), Organs( अंगों), writer(लेखक), like(जैसे), lips(होंठ), looked(देखा), another(दूसरे), gentleman(सज्जन/पुरुष), himself(उसने खुद), asked(पूछा).
8. How had the photographer arranged his studio?
Ans:- Really the photographer's studio had poor light- arrangements. The sunray came through a slip of cotton factory fixed on posted window. In the middle of the room, there was a big camera. A black cloth was attached to the camera.
Word meaning:- arrange(व्यवस्था), really(वास्तव में), Sunray(धूप), slip(पर्ची), cotton(सूती), fixed(स्थायी), window(खिड़की), middle(बीच), attached(जुड़ा हुआ/माध्यम से).
9. what factors produce good manners ?
Ans:- There are many factors to produce good manners As:-sympathy kindness, courtesy, Knowledge and sense of limitation produce good manners.
Word meaning:- factors(कारक/कारण), produce(उत्पन्न), manners(शिष्टाचार), sympathy(सहानुभूति), kindness(दयालुता), courtesy(विनम्रता), knowledge(ज्ञान), limitation(समझ).
10. What does J.C hill say about truth?
Ans:- J.C hill says about truth that truth is always truth. it depends on the listener. you cannot insist that your truth is really truth; it is accepted by different people in different situation.
Word meaning:- always(हमेशा), depends(निर्भर करता है), listener(श्रोता), insist(जोर देते हैं), really(वास्तव में), accepted(स्वीकार किए जाते हैं), different(विभिन्न/अनेक), situation(स्थिति).
11. What is the importance of good manners in life?
Ans:- Good manners bring forth sweetness where as bad manners corrupt the whole stream of life. Good manners play a very important role in social life. good manners compose in pity, understanding and realisation of one's limitation. the author advices the young people to be very consideration to the old people. they should be sympathetic and helpful to the old because anybody become old one day.
Word meaning:- importance(महत्वपूर्ण), forth(आगे), where as(जबकि), stream(धारा), social life(सामाजिक जीवन), compose(दर्शाता/दिखाता), pity(दया), understanding(समझ), relization(अनुभूति/प्रस्तुति), limitation(सीमा), advices(सलाह), consideration(विचार/ध्यान), sympathetic(सहानुभूतिपूर्ण), helpful(उपयोगी).
12. What should be the rule about conversation?
Ans:- The rule about conversation should the following points.
(a) one should take fair share in conversation
(b) the way of speaking should be pleasing and balanced .
(c) one should give one’s friend a chance and freedom to say something.
Word meaning:- rule(नियम), conversation(बातचीत), following(निम्नलिखित), points(संकेत), fair(निष्पक्ष), pleasing(आकर्षक), balanced(संतुलित), chance(मौका/अवसर), freedom(आजादी/स्वतंत्रता), something(कोई वस्तु / कुछ-कुछ)
13. Why do some people have difficulty in writing letters?
Ans:- Some people have difficulty in writing letters because they have no gift of self-expression. They can't give actual words for what they want to express. They need same body to them it becomes easy.
Word meaning:- difficulty(कठिनाई), expression(अभिव्यक्त), express (व्यक्त /वर्णन करना), need(जरूरत), easy(आसान).
14. Why was letter-writing done more carefully in the past?
Ans:- Letters writing was done more carefully in the past because people had more leisure to do such work in those days letters were costlier than today and poor could not enjoy letter- writing. The arrival of a letters was an event. In those days letters came once in a month or six months.
Word meaning:- carefully(सावधानी), leisure(फुर्सत/छुट्टी से), costlier(महंगे/मूल्यवान), arrival(पहुंचना), event(घटना/परिणाम).
15.What is the difference between a good essay and a good letter?
Ans:- Good essay is written in order and wide style. But a letter is written in simple conversational and intimate manner. A letter has a personal a touch yet an essay has not such an atmosphere.
Word meaning:- essay(निबंध/वर्णन), order(आदेश), wide(चारों ओर/ विस्तृत), style(अंदाज़/ शैली/प्रकार), conversational(संवादी/प्रियभाषी), intimate(सूचित करना /अंतरंग), personal(व्यक्तिगत), touch(स्पर्श करना), atmosphere(माहौल/वायुमंडल).
16.What does the author say about statement's memory?
Ans :- According to the author statesmen have extra-ordinary grip over their memories. They can easily mislead the people. they talk to the point yet they are clever to deviate them from the reality. In public meeting, they convince in different ways and attract the mass towards themselves.
Word meaning:-. Statement(बयान), memory(स्मृति), extraordinary(अतिरिक्त), grip(पकड़), easily(आसानी से), mislead(गुमराह), clever(चलाक/चतुर), deviate(भटकाना/हटाना), reality(वास्तविकता), public meeting(सार्वजनिक बैठक), convince(समझाना/मनाना), different(विभिन्न), attract(आकर्षित करना), mass(जन समुदाय), towards(की ओर), themselves(अपने)
17.How did the author train his dog?
Ans:- The author bought this dog for fifteen rupees. Pincha was the smallest and the thinnest of the litter. Jim Cobrett named Robin. in memory of a faithful old coolie who had saved his young woman, aged four. He trained the dog with great care.
Word meaning:- bought(खरीदना), thinnest(सबसे पतली), little(छोटी), named(नाम दिया), faithful(वफादार), coolie(कुली/मजदूर), saved(बचाया था), trained(प्रशिक्षित), care(सावधानी).
18. what kind of photograph does the author want?
Ans:- He wants photograph, that picture which would look like him. through god's gift might have been humble. He wants something that his friend might after his death.
Word meaning:- look(देखना), like(जैसे), though(यद्यपि/हालांकि), might(पराक्रम/शक्ति), humble(विनम्र).
David Copperfield (NOVEL)
David Copperfield is an autobiographical novel written by Charlès dickens. David was born at Blunderstone in Suffolk. He becomes the hero of the novel. This novel is named after his named. He is the central character of this novel. In this novel he has told about the story of his own life. David was a lovable and sensitive child. Unfortunately; his father died six month before his birth. He was very happy with his mother but his mother married another man named Mr. Murdstone. After that David's misfortune started because his stepfather was very cruel. His step father beat him every day for nothing. Then he begins to feel deeply pained. He was sent to a school-of Mr. Creakle in London. Mr. Creakle who was crueler than that of his father. But now, his mother died, His career ended and forced to earn his livelihood. He was sent to work in the warehouse of wine at the age of 10. He had to work for long time/hour daily. He set out Dover where his great aunt miss Betsy lived. He was robbed of all his belongings. Anyhow, he reached to his aunt's house. He became very happy when his aunt decided to send to a good school. He had good nature, charming personality and helping attitude to all. He is a true lover. After finishing his study, He married with Dora. She was a childish girl. After few years, Dora fell ill and grew weak day by day. When she died, Agnes was also present there. She also liked David. he married with Agnes. His marriage with her is happy and successful. David with Agnes settled his career as a novelist.
Wordmeaning:- Autobiographical(आत्मकथा),Novel(उपन्यास),Written(लिखा गया),Hero(नायक),After(के बाद),Central(केंद्रीय), Character(चरित्र),Own(अपने),Sensitive(संवेदनशील),Unfortunately(दुर्भाग्य),Before(के बिना),Misfortune(दुर्भाग्य),Beat(पीटना),Ended(समाप्त हो गया),Forced(मजबूर),Livelihood(आजीविका),Warehouse(शराब के गोदाम),Robbed(लूट लिया गया),Belonging(समान),Anyhow(किसी भी तरह),Reached(पहुँचा),Decided(फैसला किया),Charming(आकर्षक),Personality(व्यक्तित्व), Attitude(रवैया,मनोभाव),Finishing(समाप्त),Childish(बचकानी),Fell(गिर गया),Grew(बढ़ना),Novelist(उपन्यासकार).
"The Daffodils" has been composed by William words worth. He was born in 1770 and died in 1850.He is the love poem of nature. In this poem, the poet was wandering along near a lake. he saw thousand of daffodils beside the lake and under the trees. They were golden and countless. All were fluttering and dancing in the air. They shone like stars in the night. The poet was very happy. His heart is filled with joy.The poet returns to his room.The scene of the daffodils often flashes upon his eyes and gives him great pleasure then his heart dances with flowers. in this way, a man can get joy permanently from nature.
Wordmeaning:- nature (प्राकृतिक), wandering(घूम रहा), Alone(अकेला), near(नजदीक), Lake(झील), beside(बगल में), golden(सुनहरा/चमकीला), countless(अनगिनत), fluttering (लहराना),dancing(झूमना/नाचना), shone(चमकना), filled(भर गया), return(वापस), scene(दृश्य), flashes(चमक/झलक),upon (के ऊपर), pleasure(खुशी/आनंदित), permanently (हमेशा/निरंतर)
Everyone sang is composed by Siegfried Sassoon. He was born in Kent in 1886 and died in 1967. He was a soldier of the First World War. He wrote many lyrics and satires after 1918 about war. This is a short poem which expresses the end of the First World War in 1918.The poet says that the end of the war has spread great joy everywhere. The poet compares his joy with that of those birds who have been suddenly free from their cages.when war is end, then everyone feels free.so everyone is celebrating the end of the first world war. Every soldier is happy. In this poem, poet expresses feeling of the end of first world war.